Aprender Idiomas – PEIBOLEARN

Aprender japonés rápido

Cómo empezar a aprender japonés

El idioma japonés tiene 3 “alfabetos”: Hiragana, Katakana y Kanji (no es un alfabeto propiamente dicho, sino caracteres adoptados del chino).

Por cierto, esta es la guía básica que más me ha ayudado a la hora de empezar a aprender japonés por mi cuenta y esta la intermedia 😉

El Hiragana se utiliza principalmente con fines gramaticales. También se escriben en Hiragana las palabras con kanjis extremadamente difíciles o raros, las expresiones coloquiales y las onomatopeyas.

El Katakana representa los mismos sonidos que el Hiragana, pero se utiliza principalmente para representar las palabras más modernas importadas de los países occidentales.

Los símbolos de pronunciación son lo más aproximados posibles, siguiendo el sistema de transcripción fonética de los caracteres, llamado en japonés: ローマじ o ローマ字 (roomaji ).

No obstante, te recomiendo que escuches los audios para familiarizarte con los diferentes sonidos. Yo mismo lo he grabado en una pronunciación japonesa (de Japón) lo más estándar posible.

Espero que te sea útil 😊

Pronunciación Japonesa

HIRAGANA

HIRAGANA
あ	い	う	え	お
a	i	u	e	o
か	き	く	け	こ
ka	ki	ku	ke	ko
さ	し	す	せ	そ
sa	shi	su	se	so
た	ち	つ	て	と
ta	chi	tsu	te	to
な	に	ぬ	ね	の
na	ni	nu	ne	no
は	ひ	ふ	へ	ほ
ha /wa	hi	fu / hu [soft f]	he	ho
ま	み	む	め	も
ma	mi	mu	me	mo
や	–	ゆ	–	よ
ya	–	yu	–	yo
ら	り	る	れ	ろ
ra [soft r / l]	ri [soft r / l]	ru [soft r / l]	re [soft r / l]	ro [soft r / l]
わ	–	–	–	を
wa	–	–	–	wo / o
ん	–	–	–	–
n	–	–	–	–

Añadiendo un símbolo para cambiar el sonido – DAKUON

DAKUON
が	ぎ	ぐ	げ	ご
ga	gi	gu	ge	go
ざ	じ	ず	ぜ	ぞ
za	ji	zu	ze	zo
だ	ぢ	づ	で	ど
da	dji	dzu	de	do
ば	び	ぶ	べ	ぼ
ba	bi	bu	be	bo
ぱ	ぴ	ぷ	ぺ	ぽ
pa	pi	pu	pe	po

Añadiendo pequeños caracteres para formar nuevas sílabas – COMBO

COMBO
きゃ	–	きゅ	–	きょ
kya	–	kyu	–	kyo
ぎゃ	–	ぎゅ	–	ぎょ
gya	–	gyu	–	gyo
しゃ	–	しゅ	–	しょ
sha	–	shu	–	sho
じゃ	–	じゅ	–	じょ
jya	–	jyu	–	jyo
ちゃ	–	ちゅ	–	ちょ
cha	–	chu	–	cho
にゃ	–	にゅ	–	にょ
nya	–	nyu	–	nyo
ひゃ	–	ひゅ	–	ひょ
hya	–	hyu	–	hyo
びゃ	–	びゅ	–	びょ
bya	–	byu	–	byo
ぴゃ	–	ぴゅ	–	ぴょ
pya	–	pyu	–	pyo
みゃ	–	みゅ	–	みょ
mya	–	myu	–	myo
りゃ	–	りゅ	–	りょ
rya [soft r / l]	–	ryu [soft r / l]	–	ryo [soft r / l]

Doblando la consonante siguiente – PEQUEÑO っ

SMALL っ
っ + k	っ + s	っ + t	っ + p
kk	ss	tt	pp

Vocales largas

VOWELS
ああ	いい	うう	ええ	おお
aa	ii	uu	ee	oo
–	–	–	えい	おう
–	–	–	ei [ee]	ou [oo]

KATAKANA

Pronunciación idéntica a la del Hiragana!

KATAKANA
ア	イ	ウ	エ	オ
a	i	u	e	o
カ	キ	ク	ケ	コ
ka	ki	ku	ke	ko
サ	シ	ス	セ	ソ
sa	shi	su	se	so
タ	チ	ツ	テ	ト
ta	chi	tsu	te	to
ナ	ニ	ヌ	ネ	ノ
na	ni	nu	ne	no
ハ	ヒ	フ	ヘ	ホ
ha /wa	hi	fu /hu [soft f]	he	ho
マ	ミ	ム	メ	モ
ma	mi	mu	me	mo
ヤ	–	ユ	–	ヨ
ya	–	yu	–	yo
ラ	リ	ル	レ	ロ
ra [soft r / l]	ri [soft r / l]	ru [soft r / l]	re [soft r / l]	ro [soft r / l]
ワ	–	–	–	ヲ
wa	–	–	–	wo
ン	–	–	–	–
n	–	–	–	–

Añadiendo un símbolo para cambiar el sonido – DAKUON

DAKUON
ガ	ギ	グ	ゲ	ゴ
ga	gi	gu	ge	go
ザ	ジ	ズ	ゼ	ゾ
za	ji	zu	ze	zo
ダ	ヂ	ヅ	デ	ド
da	dji	dzu	de	do
バ	ビ	ブ	ベ	ボ
ba	bi	bu	be	bo
パ	ピ	プ	ペ	ポ
pa	pi	pu	pe	po

Añadiendo pequeños caracteres para formar nuevas sílabas – COMBO

COMBO
キャ	–	キュ	–	キョ
kya	–	kyu	–	kyo
ギャ	–	ギュ	–	ギょ
gya	–	gyu	–	gyo
シャ	–	シュ	–	ショ
sha	–	shu	–	sho
ジャ	–	ジュ	–	ジョ
jya	–	jyu	–	jyo
チャ	–	チュ	–	チョ
cha	–	chu	–	cho
ニャ	–	ニュ	–	ニョ
nya	–	nyu	–	nyo
ヒャ	–	ヒュ	–	ヒョ
hya	–	hyu	–	hyo
ビャ	–	ビュ	–	ビョ
bya	–	byu	–	byo
ピャ	–	ピュ	–	ピョ
pya	–	pyu	–	pyo
ミャ	–	ミュ	–	ミョ
mya	–	myu	–	myo
リャ	–	リュ	–	リョ
rya [soft r / l]	–	ryu [soft r / l]	–	ryo [soft r / l]

Doblando la consonante siguiente – PEQUEÑO ッ

SMALL ッ
ッ + k	ッ + s	ッ + t	ッ + p
kk	ss	tt	pp

VOCALES LARGAS (también añadiendo un largo ‘-‘ a la vocal que lo precede)

VOWELS
アア	イイ	ウウ	エエ	オオ
aa	ii	uu	ee	oo

Aprender francés rápido

Cómo empezar a aprender francés

Como puedes imaginar, el primer paso para aprender un idioma es conocer su alfabeto. Repasemos el alfabeto francés, letra por letra.

Por cierto, esta es la guía que más me ha ayudado a la hora de empezar a aprender francés por mi cuenta 😉

Las letras con un asterisco (*) no pertenecen al alfabeto en sí, sino que representan diferentes sonidos que deben ser resaltados y tratados por separado.

Los símbolos de pronunciación son lo más precisos posible, pero recomiendo que escuches los audios para familiarizarte con los diferentes sonidos. Lo he grabado yo mismo en una pronunciación francesa (de Francia) lo más estándar posible.

Espero que te sea útil 😊

Pronunciación Francesa

Letter	Name	Pronunciation	Examples	Phonetics	Traduction
a	a	[a] as in calm.	maman	[ma’maɲ]	mom
à	a grave	Used primarily to distinguish homophones: ‘à’ (“to”) vs. ‘a’ (“has”).	à	[a]	to
â	a circumflex	Indicates the sound /ɑ/ but the distinction a /a/ vs. â /ɑ/ tends to disappear in Parisian French, so they are both pronounced [a]. Most often, it indicates the historical deletion of an adjacent letter (usually an s or a vowel): castel > château. It has also come to be used to distinguish homophones.	château	[ʃa’to:]	castle
eau / au*	–	[o] as in poll.	eau au	[o:] [o]	water to the
æ	a in ae	This ligature is rare, appearing only in some words of Latin and Greek origin like tænia. It generally represents the vowel [e], like ‘é’.	tænia	[‘tenja]	tapeworm
b	bae	[b] as in boot.	bel	[bel]	beautiful
c	sae	[s] before ‘e – i – y’. [k] initially and medially elsewhere and finally.	ce croire	[sə] [kguag]	this to believe
cc*	–	[ks] before ‘e – i – y’. [k] elsewhere.	accent	[ak’soɲ]	accent
ch*	–	[ʃ] as ‘sh’ in shot or [k] as in key.	chat chaotique	[ʃa] [kao’tik]	cat caotic
ç	sae – cedilla	It is pronounced /s/ rather than /k/. The cedilla is only used before the vowels a, o or u.	français	[fgɔn’se:]	french
d	de	[d] as in dog. No sound when it is at the end.	devoir pied	[de’vwa:] [pje]	must / to owe foot
e	ea	[e] ouverte as in pet.	essence	[e’sons]	essence
ai*	–	[e] ouverte as in pet.	mais	[me]	but
é	ea acute	Indicates uniquely the sound [e]. An é in modern French is often used where a combination of ‘e’ and a consonant, usually s, would have been used formerly: escouter > écouter.	écouter	[ekü’teg]	to listen
è	ea grave	Indicates the sound [ε] in positions where a plain e would be pronounced as [ə]. Many verb conjugations contain regular alternations between è and e; for example, the accent mark in the present tense verb lève [lεv] distinguishes the vowel’s pronunciation from the [ε] in the infinitive, lever [ləve].	lève	[lεv]	he / she raises
ê	ea circumflex	Indicates the sound [ε]. In Belgian French, ê is pronounced [ɛː]. Most often, it indicates the historical deletion of an adjacent letter (usually an s or a vowel): feste < fête.	être	[εtg]	to be
ë	ea with dieresis	Indicates that the vowel is to be pronounced separately from the preceding one.	Noël	[no’e:l]	Christmas
f	ef	[f] as in foot.	français	[fgɔn’se:]	french
ph*	–	[f] as in foot.	photo	[fo’to]	photo
g	ʒe	[ʒ] before ‘e – i – y’. [g] initially and medially elsewhere. No sound at the end.	manger glace long	[mɔŋ’ʒeg] [glass] [loŋ]	to eat ice long
gn	–	[ɲ] as in cognac.	champagne	[ʃam’paɲ]	champagne
h	ash	No sound.	haut	[o:]	height
i	ee	[i] as ‘y’ in clay.	lit	[li]	bed
î*	ee circumflex	Indicates the sound [i:]. Most often, it indicates the historical deletion of an adjacent letter (usually an s or a vowel): isle > île. It has also come to be used to distinguish homophones.	île	[i:l]	isle
ï*	ee with dieresis	Indicates that the vowel is to be pronounced separately from the preceding one.	naïve	[na,’i:v]	naive
j	ʒee	[ʒ] as ‘s’ in pleasure.	je	[ʒœ]	I (me)
k	ka	[k] as in kilo.	kiwi	[‘kiwi]	kiwi
l	el	[l] as in love.	laver	[la’væg]	to wash
m	em	[m] as in me.	mère	[mεg]	mother
n	en	[n] as in neck.	nerveaux	[neg’vœ:]	nervous
o	o	[o] as in poll.	école	[e’ko:l]	school
ou*	–	[oo] as in tool.	ouvrir	[oo’vgi:]	to open
ô*	o circumflex	Indicates the sound [o:]. Most often, it indicates the historical deletion of an adjacent letter (usually an s or a vowel): hostel > hôtel. It has also come to be used to distinguish homophones.	hôtel	[o:’tel]	hotel
œ*	o in ee	[ö] as in German schön (beau).	sœur	[sœ:g]	sister
eu*	–	[ö] ‘œ’ or [ä] ‘æ’ as in German in Mädchen (girl).	bleu neuf	[blœ] [næf]	blue nine
eoi / oi*	–	[wa]	noir asseoir	[nwa:g] [a’swa:g[	black to sit
p	pe	[p] as in play.	peur	[pœg]	fear
q	cu	[k] as in key.	cinq	[sɔnk]	five
qu*	–	[k] as in key.	quand	[kaɲ]	when
r	eg	[g] as in German Rot (red) but much softer.	rêve	[gεv]	dream
s	es	[s] initially. [z] elsewhere between two vowels. No sound finally.	penser rose dans	[pɔn’seg] [goss] [doŋ]	to think rose in
t	te	[t] as in cat.	toucher	[too’ʃeg]	to touch
th*	–	[t] as in cat.	théorème	[teo’rεm]	theorem
u	oo	[ü] ‘ue’ as in German, Tür (door).	tu	[tü]	you
ù*	oo grave	[ü] ‘ue’. Used primarily to distinguish homophones: ou (“or”) vs. où (“where”; note that the letter ù is used only in this word).	où	[ü]	where
û*	oo circumflex	Indicates the sound [ü] ‘ue’. Most often, it indicates the historical deletion of an adjacent letter (usually an s or a vowel): seur > sûr. It has also come to be used to distinguish homophones: du (“of the”) vs. dû (past participle of devoir = owed or must be done “to have to do something pending and mandatory”).	sûr	[sür]	sure
ü*	oo with dieresis	[ü] Indicates that the vowel is to be pronounced separately from the preceding one. The diaeresis on u appears in the Biblical proper names such as Saül.	Saül	[sa,’ül]	Saul
v	ve	[v] as in vacuum.	vélo	[ve’lo]	bike
w	double ve	[w] as in water.	whisky	[‘wiski]	whisky
x	eex	[ks] initially. [gz] medially elsewhere.	six	[siks]	six
y	greek ee	y’ in French is another vowel. [i] elsewhere. [j] before vowel.	cyclone yeux	[si’cloɲ] [jö]	cyclone eyes
ÿ*	greek ee with dieresis	Indicates that the vowel is to be pronounced separately from the preceding one. Only occurs in some proper names and in modern editions of old French texts.	Aÿ	[a,jü]	Aÿ
z	zed	[z] initially. No sound at the end.	zone chez	[zon] [ʃe]	zone somebody`s home

Aprender portugués rápido

Cómo empezar a aprender portugués

Como puedes imaginar, el primer paso para aprender un idioma es conocer su alfabeto. Vamos a repasar el alfabeto portugués, letra por letra.

Por cierto, esta es la guía que más me ha ayudado a la hora de empezar a aprender portugués por mi cuenta 😉

Las letras con asterisco (*) no pertenecen al alfabeto propiamente dicho, sino que representan diferentes sonidos que hay que destacar y tratar por separado.

Los símbolos de pronunciación son lo más aproximados posible, pero te recomiendo que escuches los audios para familiarizarte con los diferentes sonidos.

La lengua portuguesa depende de la zona de habla portuguesa, existiendo dos pronunciaciones principales: portugués de Brasil y portugués de Portugal. Yo mismo lo he grabado en una pronunciación portuguesa (de Portugal) lo más estándar posible.

Espero que te sea útil 😊

Pronunciación Portuguesa

Letter	Name	Pronunciation	Examples	Phonetics	Traduction
a	a	[a] as in British cat. Not stressed.	amor	[a’mor]	love
á*	acute a	[a] as in British cat. Used to mark a stressed [a] in words whose stressed syllable is in an abnormal location within the word, as in lá (there) and rápido (rapid, fast). If the location of the stressed syllable is predictable, the acute accent is not used.	rápido	[‘gapidoo]	fast
â*	a circumflex	[ɐ] Indicates that the vowel is stressed in words whose stressed syllable is in an unpredictable location within the word. It also distinguishes a few homographs. Where the location of the stressed syllable is predictable, the circumflex accent is not used.	râguebi	[‘rɐgebi]	rugby
ã*	a tilde	It marks nasal vowels before glides at the end of words and before final -s. It usually coincides with the stressed vowel unless there is an acute or circumflex accent elsewhere in the word or if the word is compound.	maçã irmãzinha	[ma’saŋ] [irmaŋ’zeeɲa]	apple litle sister
à*	grave a	It marks the contraction of two consecutive vowels in adjacent words, normally the preposition a and an article or a demonstrative pronoun: a + aquela = àquela “at that”, a + a = à “at the”. It can also be used when indicating time: “às 4 horas” = “at 4 o’clock”. It does not indicate stress. In adverbs formed with -mente affix, all of the vowels can take the grave accent mark, e.g.: provàvelmente (probably) from provável (probable).	à	[a]	at the
b	be	[b] as in boy.	bolo	[‘boloo]	cake
c	se	[k] before ‘a – o – u’. [s] elsewhere.	procurar conhecer	[proku’rar] [koɲe’ser]	to look for to know
ç*	se cedilla	The cedilla indicates that ç is pronounced [s].	começar	[kome’sar]	to start
ch*	–	[ʃ] (sh) as in shower.	chuva	[‘ʃoova]	rain
d	de	[d] as in dog.	dizer	[di’zer]	to say
e	ae	Open or closed ‘e’.	mesa	[‘mesa]	table
é	acute ae	Closed ‘e’. Used to mark a stressed [ɛ] in words whose stressed syllable is unpredictable within the word, as in “péssimo” (very bad). If the location of the stressed syllable is predictable, the acute accent is not used.	péssimo	[‘pessimoo]	very bad
ê	ae circumflex	Closed ‘e’. It marks a stressed [e] only in words whose stressed syllable is in an otherwise unpredictable location in the word: “pêssego” (peach).	pêssego	[pe’sseʃo]	peach
è	grave ae	Open ‘e’. It does not indicate stress. In adverbs formed with -mente affix, all of the vowels can take the grave accent mark, e.g.: genèricamente (generically) from genérico (generic).	genèricamente	[ʒe’nericament]	generically
f	efe	[f] as in fool	fora	[‘fora]	out
g	ʒe	[ʒ] before ‘e – i – y’. [g] elsewhere.	gente gato	[ʒent] [‘gatoo]	people cat
h	aga	Silent letter.	hoje	[‘oʒe]	today
i	ee	[i] as in keen.	mirar	[mi’rar]	to look at
í*	acute ee	“Closed ‘ee’. Used to mark a stressed [ee] in words whose stressed syllable is unpredictable within the word. If the location of the stressed syllable is predictable, the acute accent is not used.”	exercício	[izer’sisioo]	exercice
ì*	grave ee	“Open ‘i’. It does not indicate stress. In adverbs formed with -mente affix, all of the vowels can take the grave accent mark, e.g.: analìticamente (analitically) from analítico (analytic).”	analìticamente	[ana’litikament]	analytically
j	ʒota	[ʒ] as ‘s’ in pleasure.	jantar	[ʒan’tar]	to have dinner
k	capa	[k] as in kiwi.	kiwi	[‘kiwi]	kiwi
l	ele	[l] as in layer.	licença	[li’sensa]	licence
lh*	–	[ʎ] like ‘lli’ in English, ‘million’).	colher	[koo’ʎer]	spoon
m	eme	[m] as in month.	mais	[maiʃ]	more
-em*	–	nasal [eiŋ].	também	[tam’beiŋ]	also / too
-im*	–	nasal [iŋ].	fim	[fiŋ]	end
-om*	–	nasal [oŋ].	com	[koŋ]	with
-um*	–	nasal [uŋ].	algum	[al’guŋ]	some
n	ene	[n] as in nose.	noite	[noit]	night
nh*	–	[ɲ] as ‘ng’ in French, cognac.	minha	[‘miɲa]	my / mine
o	o	[o] as in toll.	olho	[o’ʎoo]	eye
ó*	acute o	Used to mark a stressed [o] in words whose stressed syllable is in an abnormal location within the word, as in pó (dust) and óculos (glasses). If the location of the stressed syllable is predictable, the acute accent is not used.	pó	[po]	dust
ò*	grave o	“Open ‘o’. It does not indicate stress. In adverbs formed with -mente affix, all of the vowels can take the grave accent mark, e.g.: pròpriamente (truly) from próprio (itself / own).”	pròpriamente	[‘propriament]	truly
ô*	o circumflex	“[ô] Indicates that the vowel is stressed in words whose stressed syllable is in an unpredictable location within the word. It also distinguishes a few homographs like ‘por’ (by) with ‘pôr’ (to put). Where the location of the stressed syllable is predictable, the circumflex accent is not used.”	pôr	[por]	to put
õ*	o tilde	“It marks nasal vowels before glides at the end of words and before final -s and in some compounds. It usually coincides with the stressed vowel unless there is an acute or circumflex accent elsewhere in the word or if the word is compound.” Used only in the plurals of nouns ending in -ão (nação ‘nation’ > nações ‘nations’) and in the second person singular and third person forms of the verb pôr in the present tense (pões ‘you put’, põe ‘he / she / it puts’, põem ‘ they put’).	nações	[na’soŋeʃ]	nations
ou*	–	[oh]	sou	[soh]	I am
p	pe	[p] as in pack.	Portugal	[poortoo’gal]	Portugal
q	ke	[k] as in key. Always appears with ‘u’: ‘qu’ has the value [k] before ‘e – i’. ‘koo’ elsewhere.	quedo quando	[‘kedo] [‘kwando]	quiet when
r /rr	erre / double erre	Initially and ‘rr’ (always in the middle of a word), [G] as in French rouge (red) but much harder. Medially, slightly rolled. Finally, almost not pronounced. Very soft.	romper carro para bailar	[Gom’per] [‘kaGoo] [‘para] [bai’lar]	break car for / to to dance
s	esse	[s] initially. [ʃ] before consonants [c,q,p,t] and at the end of the word. Very soft [s] before a vowel.	saudade mais este casa	[sau’dad] [maiʃ] [eʃte] [kaza]	longing more this house
t	te	[t] as in pat.	tudo	[‘toodoo]	everything /all
u	oo	[oo] as in cool.	tu	[too]	you
ú	acute oo	[oo] as in cool. Used to mark a stressed [a] in words whose stressed syllable is in an abnormal location within the word, as in lá (there) and rápido (rapid, fast). If the location of the stressed syllable is predictable, the acute accent is not used.	túmulo	[‘toomooloo]	grave
ù	grave oo	Open ‘oo’. It does not indicate stress. In adverbs formed with -mente affix, all of the vowels can take the grave accent mark, e.g.: ùnicamente (uniquely / solely) from único (unique).	ùnicamente	[‘oonikament]	solely / only
v	ve	[v] as in void.	ver	[ver]	to see
w*	double ve	[w] as in whisky.	[whisly]	[‘wiski]	whisky
x*	xis	It has several sounds. [sh / ʃ] – [s] – [ks] – [z]	taxa próximo axioma exercício	[‘taʃa] [‘prosimoo] [ak’sjoma] [izer’sisioo]	fee next / ahead axiom exercice
y	greek ee	[i] elsewhere. [j] before vowel.	yoga	[‘joga]	yoga
z	ze	[z] initially. [ʃ] medially. [s] at the end.	zebra faz-tudo faz!	[‘zebra] [faʃ-‘tudoo] [faʃ]	zebra handyman do!

Aprender inglés rápido

Pronunciación Inglesa

Letter	Name	Pronunciation	Examples
a	ay	[eɪ] [æ]	plate mad
b	bee	[b]	boy
c	see	[s] [k]	certain cool
d	dee	[d]	decision
ch*	–	[ʧ]	teacher
e	ee	[ɛ]	red
ea*	–	[i] [ɛ]	read read (past tense)
ey*	–	[i]	key
f	ef	[f]	fake
gh*	–	[f]	cough
g	ʤee	[ʤ] [g]	general great
h	aitch	[h]	hello
i	aye	[ɪ] [aɪ]	fit line
j	dʒay	[ʤ]	jewelry
k	kay	[k]	kilo
l	el	[l]	letter
m	em	[m]	more
n	en	[n]	nose
gn*	–	[ɲ] as ‘gn’ in cognac.	cognac
ng*	–	[ŋ]	sing
o	o	[o] [ɑ] [ə]	over octopus combine
ou*	–	[ʌ]	tough
p	pee	[p] aspirated.	peanut
ph*	–	[f]	philosophy
q	cue	[k]	queue
r	ar	[r] clearly rolled in American English. Almost no sound in British English when it is at the end of a word, but it lengthens the vowel that precedes it.	four four
s	es	[s] [ʒ]	sad pleasure
sh*	–	[ʃ]	shower
t	tee	[t] aspirated.	touch
u	jyu	[ʌ] [ju]	cut cute
v	vee	[v]	void
w	double jyu	[w]	water
x	ex	[ks]	sexy
y	wye	[j]	yoga
z	zed	[z]	zoo

Aprender ruso rápido

Cómo empezar a aprender ruso

Como puedes imaginar, el primer paso para aprender un idioma es conocer su alfabeto. Repasemos el alfabeto ruso, letra por letra.

Por cierto, esta es la guía que más me ha ayudado a la hora de empezar a aprender ruso por mi cuenta 😉

Los símbolos de pronunciación son lo más precisos posible, pero recomiendo que escuches los audios para familiarizarte con los diferentes sonidos. Lo he grabado yo mismo en una pronunciación rusa (de Rusia) lo más estándar posible.

Espero que te sea útil 😊

Pronunciación Rusa

Letter	Name	Pronunciation	Examples	Phonetics	Traduction
а / А	a	[a] as in rather (but shorter).	автобус	[af’toboos]	bus
б / Б	be	[b] as in bed. [p] at the end of a word or syllable.	бизнес зуб	[‘beeznes] [zoop]	business tooth
в / В	ve	[v] as in void. [f] at the end of a word or syllable.	привет автобус	[‘privjet] [af’toboos]	hello bus
г / Г	ge	[g] as in goal. [k] at the end of a word or syllable.	где год	[gdje] [got]	where year
д / Д	de	[d] as in door. [t] at the end of a word or syllable.	Дом год	[dom] [got]	house year
е / Е	yje	[yje] as in yellow when syllable stressed. [e] otherwise.	есть бизнес	[jest] [‘beeznes]	there is / are business
ё / Ё	yjo	[yjo] as in yogurt.	ребёнок	[ri’bjonɔk]	child
ж / Ж	zhe	[ʒ] (as ‘s’ in pleasure).	жить	[ʒit]	to live
з / З	ze	[z] as in zone.	зуб	[zoop]	tooth
и / И	ee	[ee] as in east (but shorter).	идти	[id’ti]	to go (walk)
й / Й	e	[y] as in yes.	быстрый	[‘bjistrji]	fast
к / К	ka	[k] as in cup.	конечно	[kɔ’njeʒnɔ]	of course
л / Л	el	[l] as in luck.	лето	[‘ljetɔ]	summer
м / М	em	[m] as in mother.	мама	[‘mama]	mum
н / Н	en	[n] as in nice. [ɲ] as in cognac.	небо нет	[‘njebɔ] [ɲjet]	sky no
о / О	o	[ɔ] as ‘au’ in taught (but shorter). [o] when stressed.	объяснять	[ɔb,jes’njɔt]	to explain
п / П	pe	[p] as in park.	папа	[‘papa]	dad
р / Р	er	[r] as the Scottish rolled r in rock.	решить	[ri’ʃit]	to decide
с / С	es	[s] as in sun.	собака	[sa’baka]	dog
т / Т	te	[t] as in tall.	тарелка	[ta’rjelkɔ]	plate
у / У	oo	[oo] as in moon (but shorter).	обувь	[‘oboof]	shoes
ф / Ф	ef	[f] as in face.	фильм	[film]	film
х / Х	kha	[x] (‘ch’ as in German Loch).	хорошо	[xɔrɔ’ʃo]	good
ц / Ц	tse	[ts] as in peanuts.	отец	[ɔ’tjets]	father
ч / Ч	che	[ʃ] before a consonant. [ʧ] (‘ch’ as in cheap). Followed by ‘a’ in words with more than one syllable is pronounced ‘chi’.	что час	[ʃto] [ʧas]	what hour
ш / Ш	sha	[ʃ] (‘sh’ as in shark).	лучше	[‘looʧe]	better / rather
щ / Щ	scha	Double [sh] as in fresh sheets.	незащищённость	[ɲizashshi’shshjonnɔst]	insecurity
ъ / Ъ	hard sign	No sound value. Silent letter. Only seen in front of the letters “я”, “е”, “ё”, and “ю” (ja, je, jo, and ju in English). The hard sign marks the fact that the sound [j] continues to be heard separately in the composition.	съесть	[sjest]	to devour
ы / Ы	ji	No exact English equivalent; [ji] approximately as ‘i’ in thin.	быть	[bjit]	to be
ь / Ь	soft sign	No sound value. Silent letter. It represents a short (or “reduced”) front vowel.	семья	[si’mja]	family
э / Э	ea	[ea] as in egg.	это	[‘etɔ]	this
ю / Ю	yju	[jyu] as you.	люди	[‘ljudi]	people
я / Я	yja	[yja] as in yatch.	я	[ja]	I (me)

Aprender italiano rápido

Cómo empezar a aprender italiano

Como puedes imaginar, el primer paso para aprender un idioma es conocer su alfabeto. Repasemos el alfabeto italiano, letra por letra.

Por cierto, esta es la guía que más me ha ayudado a la hora de empezar a aprender italiano por mi cuenta 😉

Las letras con un asterisco (*) no pertenecen al alfabeto en sí, sino que representan diferentes sonidos que deben ser resaltados y tratados por separado.

Espero que te sea útil 😊

Pronunciación italiana

Letter	Name	Pronunciation	Examples	Phonetics	Traduction
a	a	[a] as in arm.	appena	[ap’pena]	barely
à	grave a	Many monosyllabic words are spelled with an accent in order to avoid ambiguity with other words (e.g. là versus la).	là	[la]	there
b	bi	[b] as in boy.	bambina	[bam’bina]	girl
c	kee	Represents the plosive [k] before ‘r’ and before the vowels ‘a – o – u’. It represents the affricate [tʃ] when it precedes a front vowel (‘i’ or ‘e’).	cadere città	[‘kadere] [tʃit,’ta]	to fall city
ch*	–	[k] used before a front vowel (‘i’ or ‘e’). ‘che’ represents [ke] or [kɛ] and ‘chi’ represents [ki] or [kj].	chi chiamare	[ki] [kja’mare]	who to call
cch*	–	It indicates consonant dupliacation [kk] when it occurs before ‘i’ or ‘e’.	occhi	[‘ɔk,’ki]	eyes
ci*	–	Unless ‘i’ is stressed it has no sound. For example, ‘cia – cio – ciu’ is spelled as [tʃɔ – tʃa – tʃu]. In words like CIA is pronounced as [tʃia] because ‘i’ is stressed.	ciao	[tʃao]	hello / bye
d	di	[d] as in down.	dove	[‘dove]	where
e	ae	[e] as in red.	essere	[‘es,sere]	to be
è	grave ae	It may be used when it represents an open-mid vowel. The accents may also be used to differentiate homophone pairs within Italian (for example pèsca ‘peach’ vs. pésca ‘fishing’), but in practice this is limited to didactic texts.”	c’è	[tʃe]	There is /are
é	acute ae	It represents close-mid vowel when it is stressed in a position other than the default second-to-last (penultimate) syllable. This use of accents is generally mandatory only to indicate stress on a word-final vowel; elsewhere, accents are generally found only in dictionaries.	perché	[per’ke]	why
f	ef	[f] as in fight.	fare	[‘fa:re]	to do
g	dʒi	Represents the plosive [ɡ] before ‘r’ and before the vowels ‘a – o – u’. It represents the affricate [dʒ] when it precedes a front vowel (‘i’ or ‘e’).	gatto genere	[‘gat,to] [‘dʒenere]	cat kind / sort
gh*	–	[g] used before a front vowel (‘i’ or ‘e’). ‘ghe’ represents [ge] or [gɛ] and ‘ghi’ represents [gi] or [gj].	ghiaccio ghepardo	[‘gjatʃɔ] [gɛ’pardo]	ice cheetah
ggh*	–	It indicates consonant dupliacation [gg] when it occurs before ‘i’ or ‘e’.	agghindare	[ag,gin’dare]	to dress up
gi*	–	Unless ‘i’ is stressed it has no sound. For example, ‘gia – gio – giu’ is spelled as [dʒɔ – dʒa – dʒu].	gioco	[‘dʒɔko]	game
gl*	–	It represents palatal [ʎ] before ‘i’. Between vowels it is pronounced phonetically long [ʎʎ].	gli aglio	[ʎi] [‘aʎ,ʎo]	they garlic
gn*	–	It represents [ɲ] with any vowel following like ‘cognac’. Between vowels it is pronounced phonetically long [ɲɲ].	ogni	[‘oɲ,ɲi]	each
h	akka	It has no sound.	hanno	[‘an,no]	they have
i	ee	[i] as ‘ee’ in fee.	invece	[in’vetʃe]	instead
í*	acute ee	Many monosyllabic words are spelled with an accent in order to avoid ambiguity with other words.	víola	[‘vi,ola]	violates
ì*	grave ee	It may be used when it represents an open-mid vowel. The accents may also be used to differentiate homophone pairs within Italian, but in practice this is limited to didactic texts.	finì	[fi’ni]	He / She / It finished
î*	ee circumflex	Used to mark the contraction of two vowels, especially a double, final ‘ii’ may become ‘î’. For example, it can be used to differentiate words like geni (‘genes’, plural of gene) and genî (‘geniuses’, plural of genius). This is especially seen in older texts.	genî	[dʒe’ni]	geniuses
j*	long ee	[j] used only in loanwords, proper names and archaisms, with few exceptions.	jeans	[dʒeens]	jeans
k*	kappa	[k] used only in loanwords, proper names and archaisms, with few exceptions.	kilo	[‘kilo]	kilo
l	elle	[l] In standard pronunciation [l] is always the alveolar, or ‘clear’ l of English ‘flee’, never the velar, or ‘dark’ l of English ‘cool’.	lasciare	[la’ʃare]	to leave
m	emme	always silent in standard pronunciation.	mettere	[‘met,tere]	to put into
n	enne	[i] Also used before or after a vowel to make different diphthongs.	nonostante	[nonos’tante]	nevertheless
o	o	[o] as in poll.	olio	[‘olio]	oil
ó*	acute o	It represents close-mid vowel when it is stressed in a position other than the default second-to-last (penultimate) syllable. This use of accents is generally mandatory only to indicate stress on a word-final vowel; elsewhere, accents are generally found only in dictionaries.	metró	[me’tro]	subway
ò*	grave o	It may be used when it represents an open-mid vowel. The accents may also be used to differentiate homophone pairs within Italian, but in practice this is limited to didactic texts.	viòla	[‘vjola]	violet
p	pee	[p] as en peace.	potere	[‘potere]	can (to be able)
q	koo	[k] as in key.	quindi	[‘kwindi]	so…
cq*	–	[kk] as in key.	acqua	[‘ak,kwa]	water
r	erre	[r] as the Scottish rolled r in rock.	riuscire	[rju’ʃire]	to succeed
s	esse	s’ represents a dental sibilant consonant, either [s] or [z]. The voiceless ‘s’ occurs at the start of a word before a vowel (e.g. Sara ‘sara’) or a voiceless consonant (e.g. spuntare ‘spuntare’) The voiced ‘z’ occurs before voiced consonants (e.g. sbranare ‘zbranare’). ‘ss’ always represents voiceless [ss].	spuntare sbranare	[spun’tare] [zbra’nare]	to trim to tear apart
sc*	–	Used before ‘e’ and ‘i’ to represent [ʃ] (‘sh’).	discernere scialare	[di’ʃernere] [ʃa’lare]	to notice to waste (money)
sch*	–	[sk] as in skate.	schernire	[sker’nire]	to mock at
t	tee	[t] as in cat.	trovare	[tro’vare]	to find
u	oo	[oo] as in tool.	questo	[‘kwesto]	this
ú	acute oo	[oo] as in tool. It represents an ‘u’ carrying the tonic accent. It is used only if it is the last letter of the word except in dictionaries. As in piú (more refined variant of più).	piú	[pju]	more
ù	grave oo	It may be used when it represents an open-mid vowel. The accents may also be used to differentiate homophone pairs within Italian, but in practice this is limited to didactic texts.	più	[piu]	more
v	vi	[v] as in vice.	venire	[ve’nire]	to come
w*	doppia vi	[woo] used only in loanwords, proper names and archaisms, with few exceptions.	whisky	[‘wiski]	whisky
x*	eex	[ks] used only in loanwords, proper names and archaisms, with few exceptions.	xilofono	[ksi’lofono]	xylophone
y*	greca ee	[j] used only in loanwords, proper names and archaisms, with few exceptions.	yoga	[‘yoga]	yoga
z	dzeta	Normally pronounced as [ts] at the start of a word in which the second syllable starts with a voiceless consonant. Also as [dz] at the start of a word in which the second syllable starts with a voiced consonant or ‘z’ or ‘zz’. ‘zz’ is generally voiceless [tts] but also [ddz].	zucchero zebra	[‘tsuk,kero] [‘dzebra]	sugar zebra

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“Si no puedes explicarlo de forma sencilla, es porque no lo has entendido bien.”

“If you can’t explain it simply,

you don’t understand it well enough.”