Aprender japonés rápido

Aprender japonés rápido

Cómo empezar a aprender japonés

El idioma japonés tiene 3 “alfabetos”: Hiragana, Katakana y Kanji (no es un alfabeto propiamente dicho, sino caracteres adoptados del chino).

Por cierto, esta es la guía básica que más me ha ayudado a la hora de empezar a aprender japonés por mi cuenta y esta la intermedia 😉

El Hiragana se utiliza principalmente con fines gramaticales. También se escriben en Hiragana las palabras con kanjis extremadamente difíciles o raros, las expresiones coloquiales y las onomatopeyas.

El Katakana representa los mismos sonidos que el Hiragana, pero se utiliza principalmente para representar las palabras más modernas importadas de los países occidentales.

Los símbolos de pronunciación son lo más aproximados posibles, siguiendo el sistema de transcripción fonética de los caracteres, llamado en japonés: ローマじ o ローマ字 (roomaji ).

No obstante, te recomiendo que escuches los audios para familiarizarte con los diferentes sonidos. Yo mismo lo he grabado en una pronunciación japonesa (de Japón) lo más estándar posible.

Espero que te sea útil 😊

Pronunciación Japonesa

HIRAGANA

HIRAGANA
aiueo
kakikukeko
sashisuseso
tachitsuteto
naninuneno
ha /wahifu / hu [soft f]heho
mamimumemo
yayuyo
ra [soft r / l]ri [soft r / l]ru [soft r / l]re [soft r / l]ro [soft r / l]
wawo / o
n

Añadiendo un símbolo para cambiar el sonidoDAKUON

DAKUON
gagigugego
zajizuzezo
dadjidzudedo
babibubebo
papipupepo

Añadiendo pequeños caracteres para formar nuevas sílabas – COMBO

COMBO
きゃきゅきょ
kyakyukyo
ぎゃぎゅぎょ
gyagyugyo
しゃしゅしょ
shashusho
じゃじゅじょ
jyajyujyo
ちゃちゅちょ
chachucho
にゃにゅにょ
nyanyunyo
ひゃひゅひょ
hyahyuhyo
びゃびゅびょ
byabyubyo
ぴゃぴゅぴょ
pyapyupyo
みゃみゅみょ
myamyumyo
りゃりゅりょ
rya [soft r / l]ryu [soft r / l]ryo [soft r / l]

Doblando la consonante siguiente – PEQUEÑO っ

SMALL っ
っ + kっ + sっ + tっ + p
kkssttpp

Vocales largas

VOWELS
ああいいううええおお
aaiiuueeoo
えいおう
ei [ee]ou [oo]

KATAKANA

Pronunciación idéntica a la del Hiragana!

KATAKANA
aiueo
kakikukeko
sashisuseso
tachitsuteto
naninuneno
ha /wahifu /hu [soft f]heho
mamimumemo
yayuyo
ra [soft r / l]ri [soft r / l]ru [soft r / l]re [soft r / l]ro [soft r / l]
wawo
n

Añadiendo un símbolo para cambiar el sonidoDAKUON

DAKUON
gagigugego
zajizuzezo
dadjidzudedo
babibubebo
papipupepo

Añadiendo pequeños caracteres para formar nuevas sílabas – COMBO

COMBO
キャキュキョ
kyakyukyo
ギャギュギょ
gyagyugyo
シャシュショ
shashusho
ジャジュジョ
jyajyujyo
チャチュチョ
chachucho
ニャニュニョ
nyanyunyo
ヒャヒュヒョ
hyahyuhyo
ビャビュビョ
byabyubyo
ピャピュピョ
pyapyupyo
ミャミュミョ
myamyumyo
リャリュリョ
rya [soft r / l]ryu [soft r / l]ryo [soft r / l]

Doblando la consonante siguiente – PEQUEÑO

SMALL ッ
ッ + kッ + sッ + tッ + p
kkssttpp

VOCALES LARGAS (también añadiendo un largo ‘-‘ a la vocal que lo precede)

VOWELS
アアイイウウエエオオ
aaiiuueeoo
Aprender francés rápido

Aprender francés rápido

Cómo empezar a aprender francés

Como puedes imaginar, el primer paso para aprender un idioma es conocer su alfabeto. Repasemos el alfabeto francés, letra por letra.

Por cierto, esta es la guía que más me ha ayudado a la hora de empezar a aprender francés por mi cuenta 😉

Las letras con un asterisco (*) no pertenecen al alfabeto en sí, sino que representan diferentes sonidos que deben ser resaltados y tratados por separado.

Los símbolos de pronunciación son lo más precisos posible, pero recomiendo que escuches los audios para familiarizarte con los diferentes sonidos. Lo he grabado yo mismo en una pronunciación francesa (de Francia) lo más estándar posible.

Espero que te sea útil 😊

Pronunciación Francesa

LetterNamePronunciationExamplesPhoneticsTraduction
aa[a] as in calm.maman[ma’maɲ]mom
àa graveUsed primarily to distinguish homophones: ‘à’ (“to”) vs. ‘a’ (“has”).à[a]to
âa circumflexIndicates the sound /ɑ/ but the distinction a /a/ vs. â /ɑ/ tends to disappear
in Parisian French, so they are both pronounced [a].
Most often, it indicates the historical deletion of an adjacent letter
(usually an s or a vowel): castel > château.
It has also come to be used to distinguish homophones.
château[ʃa’to:]castle
eau / au*[o] as in poll.eau
au
[o:]
[o]
water
to the
æa in aeThis ligature is rare, appearing only in some words of
Latin and Greek origin like tænia.
It generally represents the vowel [e], like ‘é’.
tænia[‘tenja]tapeworm
bbae[b] as in boot.bel[bel]beautiful
csae[s] before ‘e – i – y’.
[k] initially and medially elsewhere and finally.
ce
croire
[sə]
[kguag]
this
to believe
cc*[ks] before ‘e – i – y’.
[k] elsewhere.
accent[ak’soɲ]accent
ch*[ʃ] as ‘sh’ in shot or [k] as in key.chat
chaotique
[ʃa]
[kao’tik]
cat
caotic
çsae – cedillaIt is pronounced /s/ rather than /k/.
The cedilla is only used before the vowels a, o or u.
français[fgɔn’se:]french
dde[d] as in dog.
No sound when it is at the end.
devoir
pied
[de’vwa:]
[pje]
must / to owe
foot
eea[e] ouverte as in pet.essence[e’sons]essence
ai*[e] ouverte as in pet.mais[me]but
éea acuteIndicates uniquely the sound [e]. An é in modern French is often used
where a combination of ‘e’ and a consonant,
usually s, would have been used formerly: escouter > écouter.
écouter[ekü’teg]to listen
èea graveIndicates the sound [ε] in positions
where a plain e would be pronounced as [ə].
Many verb conjugations contain regular alternations between è and e;
for example, the accent mark in the present tense verb lève [lεv]
distinguishes the vowel’s pronunciation from the [ε] in the infinitive, lever [ləve].
lève[lεv]he / she raises
êea circumflexIndicates the sound [ε]. In Belgian French, ê is pronounced [ɛː].
Most often, it indicates the historical deletion of an adjacent letter
(usually an s or a vowel): feste < fête.
être[εtg]to be
ëea with dieresisIndicates that the vowel is to be pronounced separately from the preceding one.Noël[no’e:l]Christmas
fef[f] as in foot.français[fgɔn’se:]french
ph*[f] as in foot.photo[fo’to]photo
gʒe[ʒ] before ‘e – i – y’.
[g] initially and medially elsewhere.
No sound at the end.
manger
glace
long
[mɔŋ’ʒeg]
[glass]
[loŋ]
to eat
ice
long
gn[ɲ] as in cognac.champagne[ʃam’paɲ]champagne
hashNo sound.haut[o:]height
iee[i] as ‘y’ in clay.lit[li]bed
î*ee circumflexIndicates the sound [i:].
Most often, it indicates the historical deletion of an adjacent letter
(usually an s or a vowel): isle > île.
It has also come to be used to distinguish homophones.
île[i:l]isle
ï*ee with dieresisIndicates that the vowel is to be pronounced separately
from the preceding one.
naïve[na,’i:v]naive
jʒee[ʒ] as ‘s’ in pleasure.je[ʒœ]I (me)
kka[k] as in kilo.kiwi[‘kiwi]kiwi
lel[l] as in love.laver[la’væg]to wash
mem[m] as in me.mère[mεg]mother
nen[n] as in neck.nerveaux[neg’vœ:]nervous
oo[o] as in poll.école[e’ko:l]school
ou*[oo] as in tool.ouvrir[oo’vgi:]to open
ô*o circumflexIndicates the sound [o:].
Most often, it indicates the historical deletion of an adjacent letter
(usually an s or a vowel): hostel > hôtel.
It has also come to be used to distinguish homophones.
hôtel[o:’tel]hotel
œ*o in ee[ö] as in German schön (beau).sœur[sœ:g]sister
eu*[ö] ‘œ’ or
[ä] ‘æ’ as in German in Mädchen (girl).
bleu
neuf
[blœ]
[næf]
blue
nine
eoi / oi*[wa]noir
asseoir
[nwa:g]
[a’swa:g[
black
to sit
ppe[p] as in play.peur[pœg]fear
qcu[k] as in key.cinq[sɔnk]five
qu*[k] as in key.quand[kaɲ]when
reg[g] as in German Rot (red) but much softer.rêve[gεv]dream
ses[s] initially.
[z] elsewhere between two vowels.
No sound finally.
penser
rose
dans
[pɔn’seg]
[goss]
[doŋ]
to think
rose
in
tte[t] as in cat.toucher[too’ʃeg]to touch
th*[t] as in cat.théorème[teo’rεm]theorem
uoo[ü] ‘ue’ as in German, Tür (door).tu[tü]you
ù*oo grave[ü] ‘ue’. Used primarily to distinguish homophones:
ou (“or”) vs. où (“where”; note that the letter ù is used only in this word).
[ü]where
û*oo circumflexIndicates the sound [ü] ‘ue’.
Most often, it indicates the historical deletion of an adjacent letter
(usually an s or a vowel): seur > sûr.
It has also come to be used to distinguish homophones:
du (“of the”) vs.
dû (past participle of devoir = owed or must be done
“to have to do something pending and mandatory”).
sûr[sür]sure
ü*oo with dieresis[ü] Indicates that the vowel is to be pronounced separately
from the preceding one.
The diaeresis on u appears in the Biblical proper names such as Saül.
Saül[sa,’ül]Saul
vve[v] as in vacuum.vélo[ve’lo]bike
wdouble ve[w] as in water.whisky[‘wiski]whisky
xeex[ks] initially.
[gz] medially elsewhere.
six[siks]six
ygreek eey’ in French is another vowel.
[i] elsewhere.
[j] before vowel.
cyclone
yeux
[si’cloɲ]
[jö]
cyclone
eyes
ÿ*greek ee
with dieresis
Indicates that the vowel is to be pronounced separately from the preceding one.
Only occurs in some proper names and in modern editions of old French texts.
Aÿ[a,jü]Aÿ
zzed[z] initially.
No sound at the end.
zone
chez
[zon]
[ʃe]
zone
somebody`s home
Aprender portugués rápido

Aprender portugués rápido

Cómo empezar a aprender portugués

Como puedes imaginar, el primer paso para aprender un idioma es conocer su alfabeto. Vamos a repasar el alfabeto portugués, letra por letra.

Por cierto, esta es la guía que más me ha ayudado a la hora de empezar a aprender portugués por mi cuenta 😉

Las letras con asterisco (*) no pertenecen al alfabeto propiamente dicho, sino que representan diferentes sonidos que hay que destacar y tratar por separado.

Los símbolos de pronunciación son lo más aproximados posible, pero te recomiendo que escuches los audios para familiarizarte con los diferentes sonidos.

La lengua portuguesa depende de la zona de habla portuguesa, existiendo dos pronunciaciones principales: portugués de Brasil y portugués de Portugal. Yo mismo lo he grabado en una pronunciación portuguesa (de Portugal) lo más estándar posible.

Espero que te sea útil 😊

Pronunciación Portuguesa

LetterNamePronunciationExamplesPhoneticsTraduction
aa[a] as in British cat.
Not stressed.
amor[a’mor]love
á*acute a[a] as in British cat.
Used to mark a stressed [a] in words whose stressed syllable
is in an abnormal location within the word,
as in lá (there) and rápido (rapid, fast).
If the location of the stressed syllable is predictable,
the acute accent is not used.
rápido[‘gapidoo]fast
â*a circumflex[ɐ] Indicates that the vowel is stressed in words whose stressed
syllable is in an unpredictable location within the word.
It also distinguishes a few homographs.
Where the location of the stressed syllable is predictable,
the circumflex accent is not used.
râguebi[‘rɐgebi]rugby
ã*a tildeIt marks nasal vowels before glides at the end of words
and before final -s.
It usually coincides with the stressed vowel
unless there is an acute or circumflex accent elsewhere in the word
or if the word is compound.
maçã
irmãzinha
[ma’saŋ]
[irmaŋ’zeeɲa]
apple
litle sister
à*grave aIt marks the contraction of two consecutive vowels in adjacent words,
normally the preposition a and an article or a demonstrative pronoun:
a + aquela = àquela “at that”, a + a = à “at the”.
It can also be used when indicating time:
“às 4 horas” = “at 4 o’clock”. It does not indicate stress.
In adverbs formed with -mente affix,
all of the vowels can take the grave accent mark,
e.g.: provàvelmente (probably) from provável (probable).
à[a]at the
bbe[b] as in boy.bolo[‘boloo]cake
cse[k] before ‘a – o – u’.
[s] elsewhere.
procurar
conhecer
[proku’rar]
[koɲe’ser]
to look for
to know
ç*se cedillaThe cedilla indicates that ç is pronounced [s].começar[kome’sar]to start
ch*[ʃ] (sh) as in shower.chuva[‘ʃoova]rain
dde[d] as in dog.dizer[di’zer]to say
eaeOpen or closed ‘e’.mesa[‘mesa]table
éacute aeClosed ‘e’.
Used to mark a stressed [ɛ] in words whose stressed syllable is
unpredictable within the word, as in “péssimo” (very bad).
If the location of the stressed syllable is predictable,
the acute accent is not used.
péssimo[‘pessimoo]very bad
êae circumflexClosed ‘e’.
It marks a stressed [e] only in words whose stressed syllable
is in an otherwise unpredictable location in the word:
“pêssego” (peach).
pêssego[pe’sseʃo]peach
ègrave aeOpen ‘e’. It does not indicate stress.
In adverbs formed with -mente affix,
all of the vowels can take the grave accent mark,
e.g.: genèricamente (generically) from genérico (generic).
genèricamente[ʒe’nericament]generically
fefe[f] as in foolfora[‘fora]out
gʒe[ʒ] before ‘e – i – y’.
[g] elsewhere.
gente
gato
[ʒent]
[‘gatoo]
people
cat
hagaSilent letter.hoje[‘oʒe]today
iee[i] as in keen.mirar[mi’rar]to look at
í*acute ee“Closed ‘ee’.
Used to mark a stressed [ee] in words whose stressed syllable is
unpredictable within the word.
If the location of the stressed syllable is predictable,
the acute accent is not used.”
exercício[izer’sisioo]exercice
ì*grave ee“Open ‘i’. It does not indicate stress.
In adverbs formed with -mente affix,
all of the vowels can take the grave accent mark,
e.g.: analìticamente (analitically) from analítico (analytic).”
analìticamente[ana’litikament]analytically
jʒota[ʒ] as ‘s’ in pleasure.jantar[ʒan’tar]to have dinner
kcapa[k] as in kiwi.kiwi[‘kiwi]kiwi
lele[l] as in layer.licença[li’sensa]licence
lh*[ʎ] like
‘lli’ in English, ‘million’).
colher[koo’ʎer]spoon
meme[m] as in month.mais[maiʃ]more
-em*nasal [eiŋ].também[tam’beiŋ]also / too
-im*nasal [iŋ].fim[fiŋ]end
-om*nasal [oŋ].com[koŋ]with
-um*nasal [uŋ].algum[al’guŋ]some
nene[n] as in nose.noite[noit]night
nh*[ɲ] as ‘ng’ in French, cognac.minha[‘miɲa]my / mine
oo[o] as in toll.olho[o’ʎoo]eye
ó*acute oUsed to mark a stressed [o] in words whose stressed syllable
is in an abnormal location within the word,
as in pó (dust) and óculos (glasses).
If the location of the stressed syllable is predictable,
the acute accent is not used.
[po]dust
ò*grave o“Open ‘o’. It does not indicate stress.
In adverbs formed with -mente affix,
all of the vowels can take the grave accent mark,
e.g.: pròpriamente (truly) from próprio (itself / own).”
pròpriamente[‘propriament]truly
ô*o circumflex“[ô] Indicates that the vowel is stressed in words whose stressed
syllable is in an unpredictable location within the word.
It also distinguishes a few homographs like ‘por’ (by) with ‘pôr’ (to put).
Where the location of the stressed syllable is predictable,
the circumflex accent is not used.”
pôr[por]to put
õ*o tilde“It marks nasal vowels before glides at the end of words
and before final -s and in some compounds.
It usually coincides with the stressed vowel
unless there is an acute or circumflex accent elsewhere in the word
or if the word is compound.”
Used only in the plurals of nouns ending in -ão
(nação ‘nation’ > nações ‘nations’)
and in the second person singular and third person forms
of the verb pôr in the present tense
(pões ‘you put’, põe ‘he / she / it puts’, põem ‘ they put’).
nações[na’soŋeʃ]nations
ou*[oh]sou[soh]I am
ppe[p] as in pack.Portugal[poortoo’gal]Portugal
qke[k] as in key.
Always appears with ‘u’: ‘qu’ has the value
[k] before ‘e – i’.
‘koo’ elsewhere.
quedo
quando
[‘kedo]
[‘kwando]
quiet
when
r /rrerre /
double erre
Initially and ‘rr’ (always in the middle of a word),
[G] as in French rouge (red) but much harder.
Medially, slightly rolled.
Finally, almost not pronounced. Very soft.
romper
carro
para
bailar
[Gom’per]
[‘kaGoo]
[‘para]
[bai’lar]
break
car
for / to
to dance
sesse[s] initially.
[ʃ] before consonants [c,q,p,t] and at the end of the word.
Very soft [s] before a vowel.
saudade
mais
este
casa
[sau’dad]
[maiʃ]
[eʃte]
[kaza]
longing
more
this
house
tte[t] as in pat.tudo[‘toodoo]everything /all
uoo[oo] as in cool.tu[too]you
úacute oo[oo] as in cool.
Used to mark a stressed [a] in words whose stressed syllable
is in an abnormal location within the word,
as in lá (there) and rápido (rapid, fast).
If the location of the stressed syllable is predictable,
the acute accent is not used.
túmulo[‘toomooloo]grave
ùgrave ooOpen ‘oo’. It does not indicate stress.
In adverbs formed with -mente affix,
all of the vowels can take the grave accent mark,
e.g.: ùnicamente (uniquely / solely) from único (unique).
ùnicamente[‘oonikament]solely / only
vve[v] as in void.ver[ver]to see
w*double ve[w] as in whisky.[whisly][‘wiski]whisky
x*xisIt has several sounds.
[sh / ʃ] – [s] – [ks] – [z]
taxa
próximo
axioma
exercício
[‘taʃa]
[‘prosimoo]
[ak’sjoma]
[izer’sisioo]
fee
next / ahead
axiom
exercice
ygreek ee[i] elsewhere.
[j] before vowel.
yoga[‘joga]yoga
zze[z] initially.
[ʃ] medially.
[s] at the end.
zebra
faz-tudo
faz!
[‘zebra]
[faʃ-‘tudoo]
[faʃ]
zebra
handyman
do!
Aprender inglés rápido

Aprender inglés rápido

Letter Name Pronunciation Examples
a ay [eɪ]
[æ]
plate
mad
b bee [b] boy
c see [s]
[k]
certain
cool
d dee [d] decision
ch* [ʧ] teacher
e ee [ɛ] red
ea* [i]
[ɛ]
read
read (past tense)
ey* [i] key
f ef [f] fake
gh* [f] cough
g ʤee [ʤ]
[g]
general
great
h aitch [h] hello
i aye [ɪ]
[aɪ]
fit
line
j dʒay [ʤ] jewelry
k kay [k] kilo
l el [l] letter
m em [m] more
n en [n] nose
gn* [ɲ] as ‘gn’ in cognac. cognac
ng* [ŋ] sing
o o [o]
[ɑ]
[ə]
over
octopus
combine
ou* [ʌ] tough
p pee [p] aspirated. peanut
ph* [f] philosophy
q cue [k] queue
r ar [r] clearly rolled in American English.
Almost no sound in British English when it is at the end of a word,
but it lengthens the vowel that precedes it.
four
four
s es [s]
[ʒ]
sad
pleasure
sh* [ʃ] shower
t tee [t] aspirated. touch
u jyu [ʌ]
[ju]
cut
cute
v vee [v] void
w double jyu [w] water
x ex [ks] sexy
y wye [j] yoga
z zed [z] zoo

Aprender ruso rápido

Aprender ruso rápido

Cómo empezar a aprender ruso

Como puedes imaginar, el primer paso para aprender un idioma es conocer su alfabeto. Repasemos el alfabeto ruso, letra por letra.

Por cierto, esta es la guía que más me ha ayudado a la hora de empezar a aprender ruso por mi cuenta 😉

Los símbolos de pronunciación son lo más precisos posible, pero recomiendo que escuches los audios para familiarizarte con los diferentes sonidos. Lo he grabado yo mismo en una pronunciación rusa (de Rusia) lo más estándar posible.

Espero que te sea útil 😊

Pronunciación Rusa

LetterNamePronunciationExamplesPhoneticsTraduction
а / Аa[a] as in rather (but shorter).автобус[af’toboos]bus
б / Бbe[b] as in bed.
[p] at the end of a word or syllable.
бизнес
зуб
[‘beeznes]
[zoop]
business
tooth
в / Вve[v] as in void.
[f] at the end of a word or syllable.
привет
автобус
[‘privjet]
[af’toboos]
hello
bus
г / Гge[g] as in goal.
[k] at the end of a word or syllable.
где
год
[gdje]
[got]
where
year
д / Дde[d] as in door.
[t] at the end of a word or syllable.
Дом
год
[dom]
[got]
house
year
е / Еyje[yje] as in yellow when syllable stressed.
[e] otherwise.
есть
бизнес
[jest]
[‘beeznes]
there is / are
business
ё / Ёyjo[yjo] as in yogurt.ребёнок[ri’bjonɔk]child
ж / Жzhe[ʒ] (as ‘s’ in pleasure).жить[ʒit]to live
з / Зze[z] as in zone.зуб[zoop]tooth
и / Иee[ee] as in east (but shorter).идти[id’ti]to go (walk)
й / Йe[y] as in yes.быстрый[‘bjistrji]fast
к / Кka[k] as in cup.конечно[kɔ’njeʒnɔ]of course
л / Лel[l] as in luck.лето[‘ljetɔ]summer
м / Мem[m] as in mother.мама[‘mama]mum
н / Нen[n] as in nice.
[ɲ] as in cognac.
небо
нет
[‘njebɔ]
[ɲjet]
sky
no
о / Оo[ɔ] as ‘au’ in taught (but shorter).
[o] when stressed.
объяснять[ɔb,jes’njɔt]to explain
п / Пpe[p] as in park.папа[‘papa]dad
р / Рer[r] as the Scottish rolled r in rock.решить[ri’ʃit]to decide
с / Сes[s] as in sun.собака[sa’baka]dog
т / Тte[t] as in tall.тарелка[ta’rjelkɔ]plate
у / Уoo[oo] as in moon (but shorter).обувь[‘oboof]shoes
ф / Фef[f] as in face.фильм[film]film
х / Хkha[x] (‘ch’ as in German Loch).хорошо[xɔrɔ’ʃo]good
ц / Цtse[ts] as in peanuts.отец[ɔ’tjets]father
ч / Чche[ʃ] before a consonant.
[ʧ] (‘ch’ as in cheap).
Followed by ‘a’ in words with more than one syllable
is pronounced ‘chi’.
что
час
[ʃto]
[ʧas]
what
hour
ш / Шsha[ʃ] (‘sh’ as in shark).лучше[‘looʧe]better / rather
щ / ЩschaDouble [sh] as in fresh sheets.незащищённость[ɲizashshi’shshjonnɔst]insecurity
ъ / Ъhard signNo sound value. Silent letter.
Only seen in front of the letters “я”, “е”, “ё”, and “ю”
(ja, je, jo, and ju in English).
The hard sign marks the fact that the sound [j]
continues to be heard separately in the composition.
съесть[sjest]to devour
ы / ЫjiNo exact English equivalent; [ji] approximately as ‘i’ in thin.быть[bjit]to be
ь / Ьsoft signNo sound value. Silent letter.
It represents a short (or “reduced”) front vowel.
семья[si’mja]family
э / Эea[ea] as in egg.это[‘etɔ]this
ю / Юyju[jyu] as you.люди[‘ljudi]people
я / Яyja[yja] as in yatch.я[ja]I (me)
Aprender italiano rápido

Aprender italiano rápido

Cómo empezar a aprender italiano

Como puedes imaginar, el primer paso para aprender un idioma es conocer su alfabeto. Repasemos el alfabeto italiano, letra por letra.

Por cierto, esta es la guía que más me ha ayudado a la hora de empezar a aprender italiano por mi cuenta 😉

Las letras con un asterisco (*) no pertenecen al alfabeto en sí, sino que representan diferentes sonidos que deben ser resaltados y tratados por separado.

Los símbolos de pronunciación son lo más precisos posible, pero recomiendo que escuches los audios para familiarizarte con los diferentes sonidos. Lo he grabado yo mismo en una pronunciación italiana (de Italia) lo más estándar posible.

Espero que te sea útil 😊

Pronunciación italiana

Letter Name Pronunciation Examples Phonetics Traduction
a a [a] as in arm. appena [ap’pena] barely
à grave a Many monosyllabic words are spelled with an accent
in order to avoid ambiguity with other words (e.g. là versus la).
[la] there
b bi [b] as in boy. bambina [bam’bina] girl
c kee Represents the plosive [k] before ‘r’ and before the vowels ‘a – o – u’.
It represents the affricate [tʃ] when it precedes a front vowel (‘i’ or ‘e’).
cadere
città
[‘kadere]
[tʃit,’ta]
to fall
city
ch* [k] used before a front vowel (‘i’ or ‘e’).
‘che’ represents [ke] or [kɛ] and ‘chi’ represents [ki] or [kj].
chi
chiamare
[ki]
[kja’mare]
who
to call
cch* It indicates consonant dupliacation [kk]
when it occurs before ‘i’ or ‘e’.
occhi [‘ɔk,’ki] eyes
ci* Unless ‘i’ is stressed it has no sound.
For example, ‘cia – cio – ciu’ is spelled as [tʃɔ – tʃa – tʃu].
In words like CIA
is pronounced as [tʃia] because ‘i’ is stressed.
ciao [tʃao] hello / bye
d di [d] as in down. dove [‘dove] where
e ae [e] as in red. essere [‘es,sere] to be
è grave ae It may be used when it represents an open-mid vowel.
The accents may also be used to differentiate
homophone pairs within Italian
(for example pèsca ‘peach’ vs. pésca ‘fishing’),
but in practice this is limited to didactic texts.”
c’è [tʃe] There is /are
é acute ae It represents close-mid vowel when it is stressed
in a position other than the default second-to-last (penultimate) syllable.
This use of accents is generally mandatory only
to indicate stress on a word-final vowel;
elsewhere, accents are generally found only in dictionaries.
perché [per’ke] why
f ef [f] as in fight. fare [‘fa:re] to do
g dʒi Represents the plosive [ɡ] before ‘r’ and before the vowels ‘a – o – u’.
It represents the affricate [dʒ] when it precedes a front vowel (‘i’ or ‘e’).
gatto
genere
[‘gat,to]
[‘dʒenere]
cat
kind / sort
gh* [g] used before a front vowel (‘i’ or ‘e’).
‘ghe’ represents [ge] or [gɛ] and ‘ghi’ represents [gi] or [gj].
ghiaccio
ghepardo
[‘gjatʃɔ]
[gɛ’pardo]
ice
cheetah
ggh* It indicates consonant dupliacation [gg]
when it occurs before ‘i’ or ‘e’.
agghindare [ag,gin’dare] to dress up
gi* Unless ‘i’ is stressed it has no sound.
For example, ‘gia – gio – giu’ is spelled as [dʒɔ – dʒa – dʒu].
gioco [‘dʒɔko] game
gl* It represents palatal [ʎ] before ‘i’.
Between vowels it is pronounced phonetically long [ʎʎ].
gli
aglio
[ʎi]
[‘aʎ,ʎo]
they
garlic
gn* It represents [ɲ] with any vowel following like ‘cognac’.
Between vowels it is pronounced phonetically long [ɲɲ].
ogni [‘oɲ,ɲi] each
h akka It has no sound. hanno [‘an,no] they have
i ee [i] as ‘ee’ in fee. invece [in’vetʃe] instead
í* acute ee Many monosyllabic words are spelled with an accent
in order to avoid ambiguity with other words.
víola [‘vi,ola] violates
ì* grave ee It may be used when it represents an open-mid vowel.
The accents may also be used to differentiate
homophone pairs within Italian,
but in practice this is limited to didactic texts.
finì [fi’ni] He / She / It
finished
î* ee circumflex Used to mark the contraction of two vowels,
especially a double, final ‘ii’ may become ‘î’.
For example, it can be used to differentiate words
like geni (‘genes’, plural of gene) and genî (‘geniuses’, plural of genius).
This is especially seen in older texts.
genî [dʒe’ni] geniuses
j* long ee [j] used only in loanwords, proper names and archaisms,
with few exceptions.
jeans [dʒeens] jeans
k* kappa [k] used only in loanwords, proper names and archaisms,
with few exceptions.
kilo [‘kilo] kilo
l elle [l] In standard pronunciation [l] is
always the alveolar, or ‘clear’ l of English
‘flee’, never the velar, or ‘dark’ l of
English ‘cool’.
lasciare [la’ʃare] to leave
m emme always silent in standard
pronunciation.
mettere [‘met,tere] to put into
n enne [i] Also used before or after a vowel to
make different diphthongs.
nonostante [nonos’tante] nevertheless
o o [o] as in poll. olio [‘olio] oil
ó* acute o It represents close-mid vowel when it is stressed
in a position other than the default second-to-last (penultimate) syllable.
This use of accents is generally mandatory only
to indicate stress on a word-final vowel;
elsewhere, accents are generally found only in dictionaries.
metró [me’tro] subway
ò* grave o It may be used when it represents an open-mid vowel.
The accents may also be used to differentiate
homophone pairs within Italian,
but in practice this is limited to didactic texts.
viòla [‘vjola] violet
p pee [p] as en peace. potere [‘potere] can (to be able)
q koo [k] as in key. quindi [‘kwindi] so…
cq* [kk] as in key. acqua [‘ak,kwa] water
r erre [r] as the Scottish rolled r in rock. riuscire [rju’ʃire] to succeed
s esse s’ represents a dental sibilant consonant, either [s] or [z].
The voiceless ‘s’ occurs at the start of a word before a vowel
(e.g. Sara ‘sara’) or a voiceless consonant (e.g. spuntare ‘spuntare’)
The voiced ‘z’ occurs before voiced consonants
(e.g. sbranare ‘zbranare’).
‘ss’ always represents voiceless [ss].
spuntare
sbranare
[spun’tare]
[zbra’nare]
to trim
to tear apart
sc* Used before ‘e’ and ‘i’ to represent [ʃ] (‘sh’). discernere
scialare
[di’ʃernere]
[ʃa’lare]
to notice
to waste (money)
sch* [sk] as in skate. schernire [sker’nire] to mock at
t tee [t] as in cat. trovare [tro’vare] to find
u oo [oo] as in tool. questo [‘kwesto] this
ú acute oo [oo] as in tool.
It represents an ‘u’ carrying the tonic accent.
It is used only if it is the last letter of the word except in dictionaries.
As in piú (more refined variant of più).
piú [pju] more
ù grave oo It may be used when it represents an open-mid vowel.
The accents may also be used to differentiate
homophone pairs within Italian,
but in practice this is limited to didactic texts.
più [piu] more
v vi [v] as in vice. venire [ve’nire] to come
w* doppia vi [woo] used only in loanwords, proper names and archaisms,
with few exceptions.
whisky [‘wiski] whisky
x* eex [ks] used only in loanwords, proper names and archaisms,
with few exceptions.
xilofono [ksi’lofono] xylophone
y* greca ee [j] used only in loanwords, proper names and archaisms,
with few exceptions.
yoga [‘yoga] yoga
z dzeta Normally pronounced as [ts] at the start of a word
in which the second syllable starts with a voiceless consonant.
Also as [dz] at the start of a word in which the second syllable starts
with a voiced consonant or ‘z’ or ‘zz’.
‘zz’ is generally voiceless [tts] but also [ddz].
zucchero
zebra
[‘tsuk,kero]
[‘dzebra]
sugar
zebra